Preoperative Amiodarone and Primary Graft Dysfunction in Heart Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative amiodarone effects on postorthotopic heart transplant (OHT) outcomes remain controversial. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cumulative pre-OHT amiodarone exposure on severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed adult OHT recipients between August 2012 and June 2018. Primary outcome was severe PGD in patients receiving amiodarone at 3, 6, and 12 months prior to OHT compared with those not receiving amiodarone. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, early graft failure (EGF), mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months post-OHT, and 30-day incidence of postoperative tachyarrhythmias, bradycardia, permanent pacemaker implantation, and rejection. RESULTS: Incidence of severe PGD was 12.5% in those who received amiodarone compared to 6.8% in those who did not (14 vs 6, P = 0.18). Cumulative preoperative amiodarone significantly increased the odds of severe PGD at 3 months (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.06; P = 0.044) and 6 months (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.003-1.044; P = 0.024) in a multivariate logistic regression. Patients on amiodarone had significantly higher rates of postoperative bradycardia (13.4% vs 4.5%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: A trend toward increased PGD was present in patients receiving preoperative amiodarone. This finding combined with the regression showing significantly increased odds of PGD with increasing 3 and 6 month cumulative amiodarone dose is clinically concerning. Escalation of care with pacemaker implantation was required more frequently in patients on pre-OHT amiodarone.

Pulmonary Function Testing Pre-heart Transplant Predicts Posttransplant Survival.

Although pulmonary function testing (PFT) is typically performed for heart transplant evaluation, the prognostic utility of PFTs after transplantation is unknown. We evaluated whether PFT parameters were correlated with outcomes following heart transplantation. METHODS: International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry data were utilized. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and compared via log-rank test. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate univariate and multivariate predictors of survival. RESULTS: Eight hundred two patients pretransplant PFT data were available for evaluation. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) < 50% predicted (P < 0.0001), and forced vital capacity (FVC) < 50% predicted each had significantly higher mortality (P = 0.001) compared with patients with FEV1 or FVC 50%-80% or >80%. FEV1/FVC < 0.7 was not associated with increased mortality. FEV1 and FVC below 50% both predicted longer lengths of stay (P = 0.028 for FEV1 and P = 0.0075 for FVC). After adjusting for male gender, age, body mass index, smoking history, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, creatinine, albumin, and total bilirubin, FEV1 < 50% (hazard ratio, 4.91; P < 0.0001; 95% confidence interval, 2.69-8.94) and FVC < 50% (hazard ratio, 2.75; P = 0.003; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.4) both remained independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal pulmonary function (FEV1 or FVC below 50% of predicted) pre-heart transplantation is associated with increased mortality and longer lengths of stay posttransplant.

Sirolimus for Recurrent Giant Cell Myocarditis After Heart Transplantation: A Unique Therapeutic Strategy.

CLINICAL FEATURES: Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and a rapidly progressive disorder with fatal outcomes such that patients often require heart transplantation. We present a case of recurrent GCM in a transplanted patient with a history of Crohn disease requiring a novel therapeutic approach. THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE: After the orthotopic heart transplantation, GCM recurred on aggressive immunosuppression over the months, which included corticosteroids, basiliximab, tacrolimus, antithymocyte globulin, and rituximab. Although combination immunosuppressive therapy containing cyclosporine and 2-4 additional drugs including corticosteroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, muromonab, gammaglobulin, or methotrexate have shown to prolong the transplant-free survival by keeping the disease under control, its role in preventing and treating recurrence posttransplantation is unclear. SOLUTION: We added sirolimus, a macrolide antibiotic, with properties of T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation inhibition on the above immunosuppressive treatment postrecurrence of GCM. After sirolimus initiation and continuation, the patient has remained disease free.

Effect of QRS morphology on clinical event reduction with cardiac resynchronization therapy: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is effective in reducing clinical events in systolic heart failure patients with a wide QRS. Previous retrospective studies suggest only patients with QRS prolongation due to a left bundle-branch block (LBBB) benefit from CRT. Our objective was to examine this by performing a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials of CRT. METHODS: Systematic searches of MEDLINE and the Food and Drug Administration official website were conducted for randomized controlled CRT trials. Trials reporting adverse clinical events (eg, all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalizations) according to QRS morphology were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: Four randomized trials totaling 5,356 patients met the inclusion criteria. In patients with LBBB at baseline, there was a highly significant reduction in composite adverse clinical events with CRT (RR = 0.64 [95% CI (0.52-0.77)], P = .00001). However no such benefit was observed for patients with non-LBBB conduction abnormalities (RR = 0.97 [95% CI (0.82-1.15)], P = .75). When examined separately, there was no benefit in patients with right-bundle branch block (RR = 0.91 [95% CI (0.69-1.20)], P = .49) or non-specific intraventricular conduction delay (RR = 1.19 [95% CI (0.87-1.63)], P = .28). There was no heterogeneity among the clinical trials with regards to the lack of benefit in non-LBBB patients (I(2) = 0%). When directly compared, the difference in effect of CRT between LBBB versus non-LBBB patients was highly statistically significant (P = .0001 by heterogeneity analysis). CONCLUSIONS: While CRT was very effective in reducing clinical events in patients with LBBB, it did not reduce such events in patients with wide QRS due to other conduction abnormalities.